All articles

What a forecast can and cannot tell you

Weather forecasts are not wrong nearly as often as they feel wrong. Most of the gap is a mismatch between what they say and what people hear.

What most people assume

That a forecast is a statement about what will happen.

It is a distribution, not a plan

A forecast is the output of many model runs that disagree with each other. What you are shown is roughly where they cluster. When they cluster tightly, the forecast is confident; when they scatter, it is not — and the icon looks the same either way.

This is why two forecasts that were both 'right' can feel different: one had no real competition, the other was a coin toss that landed.

Where it is strong

Temperature is reliable further out than precipitation. Whether tomorrow is warm is a much easier question than whether it rains at four, and the difference is not small.

Timing of a front is usually better than intensity. You can often trust that rain arrives in the afternoon while not trusting how much falls.

Where it is weak

Anything convective — summer thunderstorms, sharp showers — is guesswork about placement. The model may be certain that storms happen in the region and unable to say whether one crosses your park.

Mountains, coasts and cities all bend the local picture in ways a grid forecast smooths away.

The numbers

What it describesValue
Days shown, though confidence falls long before the last one14

What it looks like

What to do

  1. Trust temperature further out than rain.
  2. Treat a chance of showers as a chance, not a schedule.
  3. For convective weather, check again on the morning; nothing earlier will settle it.
  4. If a plan cannot survive being wrong, build the fallback rather than refreshing the forecast.

Related